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Separate treatment of illegal (labour) migration and trafficking is necessary. Namely, illegality and trafficking should not be conflated. In spite of that, and focusing on violence, which is related to migration, gender, and culture, one should take into account that illegal migrants and victims of trafficking share indeed increased vulnerability to violent exploitation. more .. »
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In the narratives collected, there exist several examples where migrant women successfully manage to deal with the problem of violence outside the framework of security and protection. Lia’s ability to escape from the conditions of imprisonment and form with other migrant women an informal network of support constitutes an escape from these practices of normalization. Empowerment derives from the fact that this is a self- help network that develops informally, penetrating into the informal sectors, such a domestic work. Similar informal practices have been adopted by NGO professionals in their efforts to assist migrant women residening in the shelters. Some social workers from example, mentioned cases of violations of labour rights and sexual violence, which were reported and dealt with through pressure phone calls and direct assistance to migrant women by other migrant women of the same nationality. Similarly groups, such as Nea Zoi, who have focused their efforts on street work and providing empowerment and basic skills learning classes for migrant women sex workers have used such migrant self-help networks to provide support for vulnerable migrant women.
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In the Criminal code, by the very definition of the concept of trafficking (article 418), the issue of individual choice seems to be directly tackled; moreover, it seems to be at the heart of the perception/the understanding of trafficking itself by our Criminal Code. The personal narratives we have examined support the thesis according to which individual choice (and “consent”) in terms of trafficking is impossible: even those who claim it, in their personal narratives, display a deeply socio-culturally conditioned life “choices.”
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